Tests to determine property movability

How can it be determined that property is movable?

The following are the tests: [1] Exclusion test; [2] Description test; [3] Special law test; and [4] Control-by-science test.

What is property movable by exclusion?

[1] Anything EXCLUDED in Article 415; and
[2] Parties cannot by agreement treat as immovable that which is legally movable.

What is property movable by description?

[1] Ability to change location – whether it can be carried from place to place; and
[2] Movement without substantial injury to the immovable to which it is attached.

Board of Assessment Appeals v. Meralco: The steel towers built by MERALCO are not buildings or constructions since they are removable and merely attached to a square metal frame by means of bolts, which when unscrewed could easily be dismantled and moved from place to place, without breaking the material or causing deterioration to the object they are attached.What is property movable by special provision of law?

[1] Growing crops under the Chattel Mortgage Law;
[2] Machinery installed by a lessee not acting as agent of the owner (Davao Sawmill v. Castillo); and
[3] Intellectual property is considered personal property; it consists in the pecuniary benefit which the owner can get by the reproduction or manufacture of his work.

What is property movable by control by science?

[1] Examples of forces of  nature under control by science are electricity, gas, heat, and oxygen.