Judicial admissions

In Republic v. Sandiganbayan, this Court settled that judicial admissions may be made: (a) in the pleadings filed by the parties; (b) in the course of the trial either by verbal or written manifestations or stipulations; or (c) in other stages of judicial proceedings, as in the pre-trial of the case; in the instant case, facts pleaded in the petition and answer/joint answer are deemed admissions of petitioner and private respondents, respectively, who are not permitted to contradict them or subsequently take a position contrary to or inconsistent with such admissions; when the due execution and genuineness of an instrument are deemed admitted because of the adverse party’s failure to make a specific verified denial thereof, the instrument need not be presented formally in evidence for it may be considered an admitted fact. (Rep. of the Phils. vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 189590, April 23, 2018)