Litis pendentia; requisites
Litis pendentia is a sanction of public policy against
multiplicity of suits. The principle
upon which a plea of another action pending is sustained is that the latter
action is deemed unnecessary and vexatious. The requisites of litis
pendentia are the following: (a) Identity of parties, or at least
such as representing the same interests in both actions;
(b)
Identity of rights asserted and relief prayed for, the relief founded on the same facts; and
(c)
Identity of the two cases such that judgment in one, regardless of which
party is successful, would amount to res judicata in the other. (Spouses Marasigan v. Chevron Phils., Inc., et. al., G.R. No. 184015,
February 8, 2012)