Obligations and contracts (online book)

  1. Definition of obligation;
  2. Elements of an obligation;
  3. Sources of obligation;
    1. Law;
    2. Contracts;
    3. Quasi-contracts
      1. Unjust enrichment
      2. Solutio indebiti
        1. Frame of mind rule
    4. Delicts
    5. Quasi-delicts
      1. Elements of quasi-delict
      2. Difference between delict and quasi-delict
  4. Kinds of prestation;
  5. Rights, duties in obligation to give a specific thing;
  6. Rights, duties in obligation to give a generic thing;
  7. Obligation to do or not to do;
  8. Obligation to return;
  9. Transmissibility of obligations;
  10. Classification of obligations;
  11. Breach of obligation;
    1. Voluntary breach
      1. Delay
      2. Fraud
      3. Negligence
      4. Contravention of the tenor
    2. Involuntary breach
      1. Fortuitous event
  12. Remedies available to creditor in cases of breach;
  13. Pure obligation; 
  14. Conditional obligation;
    1. Classification of conditions
      1. Suspensive 
      2. Resolutory 
      3. Potestative 
      4. Casual 
      5. Mixed
      6. Impossible and possible
      7. Positive and negative
      8. Divisible and indivisible
      9. Conjunctive and disjunctive
      10. Express and implied
  15. Obligation with a period or term;
    1. Effect of advance payment or delivery
    2. Loss, deterioration, or improvement of the thing before period expires
    3. Benefit of the period
    4. When courts may fix period
  16. Alternative obligation; 
    1. Right of choice
    2. Loss of things, impossibility of  performance
  17. Facultative obligation;
    1. Effect of loss or deterioration of prestation
  18. Joint obligation; 
    1. Joint indivisible obligations
    2. Joint divisible obligations
    3. Indivisibility v. solidarity
  19. Solidary obligation;
    1. Kinds of solidary obligation
    2. Passive solidarity
    3. Active solidarity
    4. Mixed solidarity
    5. Contract of guaranty v. solidary obligation
  20. Joint and solidary obligation;
    1. Analysis on combination of joint and solidary debtors or creditors
  21. Divisible obligation; 
  22. Indivisible obligation;
    1. Effect of indivisibility
    2. Interrupting prescription of joint indivisible obligation
    3. Presumptions re divisibility and indivisibility of obligations;
  23. Obligations with a penal clause;
    1. When penalty may be reduced by courts
  24. Extinguishment of obligation;
    1. Payment
      1. To whom to pay
      2. Payment by 3rd person or payment by stranger
        1. Payment by disinterested 3rd person
        2. Reimbursement for payment made by third person
        3. Payment by third person does not intend to be reimbursed
      3. Payment by incapacitated/unauthorized person
      4. Forms of payment
      5. Application of payment
      6. Dation in payment
      7. Payment by cession
        1. Cession v. dation in payment
      8. Tender of payment and consignation
        1. Two notices required in consignation
        2. Withdrawal of consigned amount
      9. Liquidation of debt
      10. Complete payment
    2. Performance
      1. Action for specific performance
      2. Substantial performance in good faith
      3. Waiver of incomplete performance
    3. Power of rescission
      1. Resolution vs rescission
    4. Loss of prestation
      1. Loss of determinate thing
      2. Loss of generic thing
      3. Partial loss
      4. Impossibility of performance
      5. Unforeseen difficulty of performance
    5. Condonation or remission
      1. Kinds of condonation or remission
      2. Rules, formalities, and presumption in condonation or remission
        1. Donation definition
        2. Kinds of donation
        3. Inofficious donation
    6. Confusion or merger
      1. Effects of merger upon guarantors
      2. Merger in case of joint or solidary obligations
    7. Compensation
      1. Kinds of compensation
      2. Obligation which cannot be compensated
      3. Guarantor's right
      4. Effect of assignment
    8. Novation
      1. Kinds of novation
      2. Substituting a new debtor
  25. Definition of contract;
  26. Stages of contract;
  27. Classification of contract;
  28. Essential requisites of contract;
    1. Consent
      1. Incapacity to give consent
      2. Persons disqualified to contract
      3. Offer and acceptance
      4. Cognition theory
      5. Contract of option
      6. Vices of consent
        1. Mistake
        2. Intimidation
        3. Violence
        4. Undue influence
        5. Fraud
      7. Simulation of contract
    2. Object
      1. Kinds of impossibility
    3. Cause or consideration
      1. Cause v. object
      2. Cause v. motive
      3. Classification of contracts according to cause
  29. Characteristics of contract;
    30. 1. Obligatory force of contract;
    2.Relativity of contract;
  30. Formality;
    1. Statute of frauds
  31. Reformation of instruments;
    1. Reformation v. annulment
    2. Cases where reformation is proper
      1. Mistake
      2. Fraud 
      3. Fault of third person
    3. Cases where reformation is not proper
    4. Who may ask for reformation
  32. Interpretation of contracts;
  33. Rescissible contracts;
  34. Voidable contracts;
  35. Unenforceable contracts;
  36. Void or inexistent contracts;
  37. Distinguish: resolution and rescission of contracts;
  38. Natural obligations;
    1. Examples of natural obligation
    2. Natural obligations vs solutio indebiti
  39. Real right v. personal right;
  40. Kinds of estoppel
  41. Persons bound
  42. Cases where estoppel applies;
  43. Laches
    1. Elements of laches